The Social Problem Of Crime - 978 Words

This information analysis focuses on the social problem computer crime, but more specifically identity theft. In this paper, I analyzed six different articles from various sources. I chose cyber crime as my topic because I have an interest in computers and coding. I also like to watch documentaries and a television show on cybercrime scene investigations. Analyzing articles on this topic will help me develop further knowledge on this topic and how it is considered a social problem in our society. Computer crime refers to any violation of the law in which a computer is the target or means of criminal activity (Mooney, Knox, Schacht, 2014, p.113). Computer crime is also known as cybercrime. Cybercrime continues to have far reaching effects because it affects individuals, companies, and organizations and is increasingly a problem in the globalized world we live in. This is because we rely so much on cell-phones, computers, and us many social network sites. Cybercrime is considered a s ocial problem because it negatively affects a large group of people in our society. In 2014, there were 1.5 million cyber attacks worldwide (â€Å"IBM Cyber Security Intelligence Index,† 2015, pg.13). One type of computer crime is identity theft. Identity theft is the use of someone else’s personal information to obtain credit or other economic rewards (Mooney, et al, 2014, pg.113). Identity theft first became a crime in 1998, when Congress passed the Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence ActShow MoreRelatedCrime : A Social Problem1205 Words   |  5 PagesCrime: A Social Problem In 2013 it was reported that every person living in the United States will be a victim of a crime at some point in their lives (Macionis. 2015). A staggering statistic, crime is undoubtedly a significant problem in modern day society. 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One of the first social theories that was introduced came about in 1938 by Merton, his theory is known as Strain Theory. Gavin goes on to define Strain Theory as the â₠¬Å"social structuresRead MoreSocial harm929 Words   |  4 Pages between ‘crime’ and ‘social harm’? Throughout the years, the ‘problem of crime’ has been a long debated subject due to its complexity. At some point, it was a matter of different regions, cultures, and particular laws that made it difficult for people to argue whether a certain thing was a crime or not. In spite of this fact, this problem still exists-for example: if, in one country a particular thing can be a right, in another one it can be a crime-such as abortion.

Marketing Analysis Of Olay Marketing Analysis - 982 Words

Marketing analysis of Olay The quality of people’s lives are increasingly improve by today’s rapid economic growth. Due to it, a lot of people start pay attention to beauty care which like skincare. Skin care products market growth that women are consume more to get a good look. The beauty and skincare brand Olay is one of the biggest properties and best-seller in facial skincare. The mission statement of Olay is â€Å"to enhance all that is beautiful in women by providing simple to sophisticated skin care solutions to continually improve women’s skin and women’s lives.† (PPCORN) Olay started launch a new production into the market which is facial cleansing cloth in June 2000. The main marketing challenges facing Olay Daily Facial subsequent to the launch are the competition from its competitor, Dove, and the consumer’s value. â€Å"The goal of the new product line was to increase Olay’s overall share in the facial and personal cleansing and enhance Olay’s position over Dove, its primary competitor in the facial and body cleansing market.† The marketing is about satisfying customer needs and wants. The challenge ODF facing are demographics challenges, distribution challenges, and promotional challenges. The ODF should determine its demographics because its pejorative nickname â€Å"Oil of Old Lady,† so it has turn its brand value into positive value that Olay is for all age women’s skin to make look you perfect daily. The selective distribution is a challenges ODF face because the groceryShow MoreRelatedMarketing Comm unication Creative Brief and Imc Plan7937 Words   |  32 PagesContent Page Executive Summary 3 1. 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Quiet Time free essay sample

The purpose and the problem are identified in the first paragraphs of the Scott et al, 2010. The main topic is the safety concerns of nurses working extended shifts and the association with high risk errors due to fatigue. â€Å"The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a FCMPN for improving sleep duration and quality while reducing daytime sleepiness and patient care errors. Selected sleep variables, errors and drowsy driving, were evaluated among hospital staff nurses (n = 47) before and after FCMPN implementation† (Scott, et al. , 2010, p. 250). The adoption of a standardized fatigue intervention program as utilized in other industries has been successful and its use in being able to improve nurses’ alertness for nurses was hypothesized as being able to decrease the number of near errors and actual patient care errors (Scott, et al. , 2010, p. 250). The study purpose is realistic, practical and viable but most importantly, it is a necessity. The statement of the problem is clear and actual. The purpose runs with rationality to the cited objectives from this problem including the independent and dependent variables and the population to be studied. The study was limited to white female nurses with regards to demographic variables and the sample statistical data could have been supported by including a larger, geographically diverse sample size for intervention testing (Scott, et al. , 2010, p. 257). A relational statement is made that fatigue countermeasures program for nurses (FCMPN) would need administrative support to be successful, that they may conflict with work culture issues that prohibit their use and that policy should be established to prohibit moonlighting among full-time employees. In addition there are the nurses’ obligations to report to work for duty in a state of being well rested. Literature Review It is organized around the purpose and problem and is directly related to a research study. It identifies areas of the objective study which is the evaluation of the countermeasures feasibility study. The literature supports the formulated questions and addresses the findings for the conclusion. The most recent literature used from 2007 and 2009 are used to support the physical evidence when fatigue is a serious issue in health care professions or drivers. However, one of the limitations is that references were not updated but were used to formulate the design. Literature from 1963 can be a limitation for the criteria of a reliable study but on the other hand, the Campbell and Stanley (1963) reference is used to validate the collection of the data from the same nursing unit which is one the requirements to obtain the sample. Another limitation of the study is not citing scientific literature that can demonstrate chemical imbalance and the physiologic changes of not having enough sleep. Framework The study (Scott, et al. 2010) has not identified theoretical framework. The study is based on a conceptual framework on the model of impaired sleep (Lee et al. , 2004). The conceptual framework represents the detailed course of the investigation using statistically representative variables and the relationship between them. The framework also links the ideas with the literature and establishes evidence to support the need for the research purpose: â€Å"Principles of circadian physiology are important in understanding human responses during actual or potential health problems, such as sleep disorders, insomnia, or daytime sleepiness. Principles of circadian physiology also have nursing implications for the timing of drug administration and interpretation of laboratory values that might also influence these human responses† (Lee et al. , 2004). The framework is emphatic in incorporating the necessary interventions of the countermeasures program for nurses. The operational definition is clearly defined. However, this study is limited to only one operational definition but it links rationality to the variables. Objectives, Questions, Hypotheses The hypothesis that the adoption of a standardized fatigue intervention program used in many other industries would improve nurses’ alertness and result in a decrease in the number of near errors or actual patient care errors is stated. The objective of the study to evaluate the feasibility of a FCMPN for improving sleep duration and quality is clear and guides the reader to the purpose of the study (Scott et al. , 2010, p. 251). The feasibility of the interventions is evaluated to reach the objective which is the demonstration that fatigue countermeasures can be implemented in the nursing field to reduce fatigue related errors. On the other hand, the objective is not linked with specific questions. In this design, the effect is taken to be the difference between the pretest and posttest scores. As this study is demarcated as one-group pretest –posttest design, the hypothesis is not clearly defined. â€Å"The events then serve as alternative hypothesis to the proposal† (Burns amp; Grove, 2009). It is clear what the researchers intend to study and what they expect to find (Burns amp; Grove, 2009). The research hypothesis could have been enhanced to the objective with specific questions. Definition of Variables The operational definition is the variable that is manipulated to reach the meaning of the study (Burns amp; Grove, 2009). The variable is linked to the concept in the framework. In this design, the operational variable is the FCMPN and a repeated-measures approach was used. This approach was helpful to ensure the veracity of the results. â€Å"A one-group pretest-posttest participants provided data 2 weeks before the FCMPN, 4 weeks after receiving the intervention, and again at 3 months after intervention† (Scott, et al. , 2010, p. 251). The limitation of the operational definition is the risk of assuming the results. These assumptions influence the development and the implementation of the research process† (Burns amp; Grove, 2009). The dependent variables are easy to understand and follow to the conclusions. Sleep duration, risk for accidents, short term memory and problem solving, and coping are measured by logbooks. The limitation of logbooks was the available space for comment and for the conclusion this is not an objective measure. Sleep quality, and day time sleepiness were measured with more objective scales which are explained in the instrument section. Study Design One-group pretest –posttest design repeated-measures was used. The participants were recruited from medical-surgical units in three major care Michigan hospitals and there were 62 staff nurses who received the protocol and 47 nurses that concluded the study. The advantage of the design is the collection of data from only one specific specialty unit from three different hospitals avoiding the possible bias if two groups from different specialties were chosen. The design includes the treatment or interventions which is the focus of the study. The treatment was consistent with the needs and is reflected in the conclusions. Conversely, one limitation of the interventions is the ethical concern from nurses about sleeping during the break times. The second limitation of the design is the â€Å"findings are often uninterpretable† (Burns amp; Grove, 2009). Situations between the times of the initiation to the final results cannot be controlled and can modify the final answers (Burns amp; Grove, 2009). The study was approved by two review boards and the participants who chose to participate in the program gave an indirect consent when they returned the demography questioner to the research group. In the cases where the study has minimal, the risk of harm to the participant the consents are waived. â€Å"The documentation of informed consent depends on the level of risk involved in the study† (Burns amp; Grove, 2009). The setting was controlled by the administrators and managers. This gives the study the strength and the facility to review if the nurses were following the treatment. Conversely, data collected from outside setting and recorded in logbooks is known as a partially controlled setting. This can be one of the weaknesses of the study because the change of setting can influence the answers because people behave differently. Another weakness is that heterogeneity can exist between groups with causation in the relationship being affected. The researchers could have considered matching groups with variables such nurses with â€Å"Additional employment’ and nurses with the predominantly12 hour shifts since these differences might have influenced the outcome. Intervention It is clear that the focus of the researchers was the implementation of similar countermeasures used from different previously applied programs but strength was placed in interventions that can be used in the nursing environment. To ensure viability and to promote uniformity, the resulting data of the interventions was taken from the same units but from different hospitals. The strength was placed in order to provide the participants with the right education, the right schedules, information of the interventions, and design of the study. In addition, the researchers provide the necessary accommodations and the right environment to implement the interventions. The participants were allowed to take breaks and 20 minutes nap times. The weakness of the intervention is to ensure the countermeasures were followed at home. The setting can serve as a moderator variable either by facilitating or impeding implementation of the interventions or by muting or muting or intensifying interventional effects† (Burns amp; Grove, 2009). Sampling Process The sampling process was directed to one group of nurses. The target criteria was 147 experienced medical surgical nurses working 36 hours or more in a hospital setting. T he accessible population resulted from the completion of the demographic questionnaire returned by the participants. The pre-final sample was obtained from the nurses who filled the additional information to be enrolled in the study which reduced the number to 62 full time staff nurses. Only 47 nurses or 76% finished the process. The final sample was representative of the variables strengthening the sample selection. Additional strength of the sample was the implementation of the power analysis. â€Å"It is calculated according to subjects expected to complete the study, not the number of recruited initial† (Burns amp; Grove, 2009). With 47 nurses as a final sample, the feasibility of the countermeasures study has enough power to use as reliable study. The major weakness of this study is the use of convenience sampling. The group is easily accessible and everyone in that group is surveyed. â€Å"The accidental sampling is considered weak because it provides little opportunity to control for biases† (Burns amp; Grove, 2009). In addition, 96. 8% of the participants were white (96. 8%) and women (96. 8%) with an average age 37. 74 years (range = 22-63 years, SD = 11. 70 years). In addition, 4 nurses (6. 5%) reported working a second job. The study failed to address nurses of other races and genders and the impacts of a higher percentage of nurses working a second job. Impacts of these factors on the study could have affected the findings in the study. Measurement Methods The measurement techniques are appropriate for this design, to the interventions, and variables. The demography sample was useful in collecting the sample. The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure the sleep quality. It is an active instrument used to measure the quality and patterns of sleep in adults by determining seven areas: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleeps duration, habitual sleep efficiency, and sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime ysfunction over the last month (Reynolds, C. F. , 1989). The use of the PSQI gave strength of the study because it provides reliable data from a subjective concept. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a subjective practical tool of measurement because it is specific and easy to use for the participants. It allows the collection of the data determining the nurse’s level of daytime slee piness. The ESS distinguishes between average sleepiness and extreme daytime sleepiness that requires intervention. A sum of 10 or more from the eight individual scores reflects above normal daytime sleepiness and need for further evaluation (Johns, 1992). The weakness of this test is the self-reporting data which can reveal inaccurate information. The final measuring method was the logbooks. The purpose of this type of measure was to collect more subjective and objective information about schedule, work hours, break times, and sleepiness during the working hours. The strength of this collecting data is the amplitude of the information obtained. To make the logbooks more objective close-ended questions were used. However the risk of using this method is the information provided by the participants may not related to the objectives and goals of the study. Data Collection The data collection was adequate for this type of design. During weeks 1-2 the packets were mailed with a contact phone numbers and e-mail addresses for questions about the measurement methods. Participants were notified by mail and postcards to complete and return the information obtained. A monetary reward was given to whoever completed the logbooks. The data collection methods were chosen to estimate the viability of the interventions and compared during the time of the pretest and posttest. These periods were 2 weeks before the interventions, 4 weeks for the data collections after the interventions began, and 12 weeks after the interventions were implemented. Unfortunately, the description of the collection data and the data analysis does not include the degree of education of the administrative professional assistants group who was in charge of the research study and resulted in a limitation for the conclusions. Data Analysis The data analysis is clearly identified and logically linked to the design. A power analysis conducted on the sample of 47 nurses was viable for the results. Comparative tables are self-explanatory and understandable. The analysis of the collected data was taken by means and standard deviations. The subjective data like daytime sleepiness, episodes of drowsiness, and sleep quality were examined by repeated measures of variance, paired t test, or McNemar test. As the study was done by pretest and posttest with samples at the nominal level, the McNemar was used to compare daytime sleepiness, episodes of drowsiness, and sleep quality which are depend factors. Additionally, the labels were corrected by error reduction estimating equations for repeat measures. (Johns M. W. 1991). Associations at the nominal level with the statically analysis of the chi –square test was used to evaluate occurrences of sleep on duty. A level of statistical significance was set a priori at 0. 05 for all statistical procedures (Scott et al. , 2010, p. 254). Sleep duration results listed significance (p) of the F ratio as less than 0. 0001 for â€Å"Total sleep duration† and â€Å"Non-work shift sleep duration†. It was less than . 003 for Night shift sleep duration and as . 0003 for Work day sleep duration. The values of p indicated that group differences exist and that the null hypothesis is rejected. Discussion Findings Acknowledging the important role that nurses play on a daily basis, the study demonstrated evidence that fatigue countermeasures can be a valuable resource to apply in any healthcare facility. The researchers found with analysis of the data that nurses suffer from sleep deprivations and exhaustive fatigue (Scott et al. , 2010, p. 254). Each finding matches with each dependable variable. The posttest demonstrates a significant improvement in some variants but not in others. However the results are directly linked with the framework which is based in the model of the impaired sleep. Thus, the findings match with the expectations at the beginning of the design. This aspect proved that this is a feasible pilot study. The limitations of this pilot study were stated by the authors at the conclusion, however the suggestions provided for the implementation of the measures at the hospital setting does not match with what is seen in reality with the health care industry. The fact that hospitals are understaffed with nurses or that nurses need to work extra hours to earn reasonable incomes are variants that need to be included in future studies. The generalization of the pilot study is limited as is stated in the conclusions. The use of convenient sampling and a pre-experimental research design limits the generalizability of this study†¦ there were sufficient statistical power to examine the variables of interest in a one-group repeated measure design† (Scott et al. 2010, p. 257). For futures studies it is recommended that the sample be taken from different units being that â€Å"a narrow definition of the accessible population reduces the ability to generalize from the study sample to the target population† (Burns amp; Grove, 2009). Nursing implications were determined by the researches in the clinical presentation of the study finding. This is the first study to develop and test a fatigue countermeasures program designed specifically for hospital staff nurses† Scott, et al. 2010, p. 257). Important facts from this study are the nurse and patient safety implications. The data collected after implementation of measures demonstrated a sensitive increase in reducing medication errors or close call events. This is an irrefutable fact researches were aware of and wanted to demonstrate even in a pilot study. For future research and recommendations the authors suggest the inclusion of diverse samples (Scott, et al. 2010, p. 257). The study suggests the implementation of the countermeasures program for nurses due to multiple situations were nurses can place the patients in an unsafe situation. â€Å"Recent studies have documented that risk for error is significantly higher when nurses work more than 12 consecutive hours, work beyond their scheduled shift time, work more than 40 hours in a week, and obtain insufficient sleep† (Scott, et al. 2010, p. 256). Still, there was a lack of additional recommendations for future studies. For example a suggested reference is the implication of the lack of sleep related to stress levels in different units. Evaluation Confidence The Fatigue Countermeasure Feasibility Study is a valuable tool that can be used for futures studies and research. The study contains strong data that supports the feasibility of educating nurses about fatigue management in the work environment. Because this is the first pilot study conducted in the nursing field it is valid to state that the confidence in the hypothesis and on the results is questionable. Different demographic samples and larger samples are needed so that reevaluation of the effectiveness can be measured in each setting. Consistency with previous research The researchers are clear that previous studies has been conducted on physician work hours, drivers and pilots, but comparing the results can be distant because fatigue and errors can vary in each field due to the circumstances and the environment. The recommendations of the medicine report entitled â€Å"Keeping Patients Safe: Transforming the Work Environment of Nurses† (Institute of Medicine, 2004) suggests the use of fatigue management education for nurses and the development and testing methods to reduce fatigue addressed but only with night shift workers. There is no additional data or reports that are addressed within the Scott et al, (2010) study that can address consistency. However, the confidence in this study is in the data provided before and after the treatment. It is a fact the nurses work more than 12 hour shifts and that fatigue comes from the shift duration as well as from the lack of sleep. Readiness of findings for use in practice Unfortunately, the findings are difficult to implement in the hospital setting. First, for nurses to be sleeping in the place is seen as an unprofessional behavior. Second the patient’s demand and numbers increases every day at the same time there is lack of nurses to meet their demands and to attend the number of patients in a hospital setting. A nurse often monitors and works with anywhere from three to six patients and perhaps even more. Third, encouraging nurses not to work in different places and moonlight can be restrictive and conditional because of the salaries obtained. In addition, work cultural issues and lack of administrative support for FCMPNs may limit successful utilization in healthcare and hospitals. Contributions to nursing knowledge The Scott et al. (2010) study is the first to develop and test fatigue countermeasures programs for hospital staff nurses and provides a program for nurses to reduce errors or near errors. The study provides direction for future research that would be of benefit to nurses and patients. It â€Å"serves as a catalyst for future investigations to examine the acceptability, efficacy and effectiveness of FCMPNs.

The Matchmaker Essays - English-language Films, Hello, Dolly!

The Matchmaker The Matchmaker has four main characters Mrs. Dolly Levi, Mr. Horace Vandergelder, Cornelius Hackl, and Mrs. Irene Molloy. Each character has his or her own personality, but one thing that each character has in common is that they want some type of adventure or change in their life. How they go about these changes they each do differently. Mrs. Dolly Levi is a lady who likes to get what she wants. She has ambitions and likes to live life to its fullist. These are all positive characteristics about Mrs. Levi. It is how she goes about getting what she wants that makes her a interesting character. Mrs. Levi enjoys getting into other peoples business and telling them how to conduct their lives. Even though that fits her job description as a matchmaker, she goes about doing it in a very manipulitive way. I, Mrs. Dolly Levi, intend to make the most of my life. I want to spend lots of money and enjoy doing it. I want to marry Mr. Vandergelder and I will lie and cheat in order to do so. Without money I am not happy and I want to be happy, that is why I will marry Mr. Vandergelder. I think that Mr. Vandergelder is a nice old man on the inside once you get past his grumpy facade. He needs a little excitement in his life and I will give it to him. Mr. Horace Vandergelder is a stingy, cruel and miserable old man. He wants things done his way or no way at all. If things are not the way he wants them they are wrong and ?foolish?. Horace has all this money and has nothing to spend it on. He just wants to control his nieces life. For the first time it seems, in this play, he realizes he may want to take a little risk in his life. I, Mr. Horace Vandergelder, want to get married. I am willing to take the first risk that I have taken in a long time and get married. I need a little bit of order in my house and that is what a wife will do for me. I like Mrs. Levi, mainly because I am paying her to find a suitible wife for me. I love my niece Ermengarde but she is a fool for wanting to marry Ambrose, a man with no money. I do not understand why she would want to marry a poor artist. Cornelius Hackl is a very spontaneous character who is the most willing to take large risks in his life. He is now thirty-three and realizes that his life is not moving as fast as he would like for it to. This is why he chose to go to New York and do something about it and it sure paid off for him. Cornelius is a leader and not afraid to take chances. He feels a great need for adventure in his life and takes Barnaby with him. I, Cornelius, am getting too old to have the same position that I have had at work for so long now. I feel that I need a change in my life, an adventure. Even if I need to risk everything I have, which is not much, I am willing to do it to get something more out of my life. I am really fed up with Mr. Vandergelder always bossing me around and never showing me any gratification for it. He does not appreciate anything that I have ever done for him. Barnaby is one of my best friends and it is my responsibility to show him how to have a good time and make life a little adventerous. Mrs. Molloy is the kind of women that I have always wanted, I dream about marrying her. Mrs. Irene Molloy, is another character who is searching for some kind of adventure in her life. Mrs. Molloy, like Mr. Vandergelder, is looking to get married. She says she wants to marry a husband who will have good fights with her. Mrs. Molloy despite having strange views on marriage is a very nice lady who was willing to help Barnaby and Cornelius when they were in

Indian Boarding Schools

Indian Boarding Schools Introduction In the late 19th and early 20th centuries the U. S. government opened many schools for Indians or Native American children in order to introduce Euro-American standards (Harley, 1994).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Indian Boarding Schools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper seeks to reflect on the events that led to the establishment of the schools, what life was at these schools and their effects on Indian populations, this is in regard to the larger context of the Native American Experience and propose mechanisms of dealing with the effects. Establishment of Indian boarding schools Indian boarding schools were primarily established in order to kill the Indian culture and ensure that they adopt a Euro-American culture that was completely alien to them. There are several other reasons why the Indian boarding school was established, such as weakening families by taking their children away (Smith, 2010). Indian boarding schools were first established by Christian missionaries, who had the sole intention to provide education for the native people, â€Å"The Carlisle Indian Industrial School established by a US Army officer Richard Henry Pratt† was the first school to adopt total assimilation of the Indian culture (Smith, 2010, p. 34). The school was built in 1879 at a military facility and its curriculum was based on what was taught in prison. The school was established following Pratt’s successful teaching â€Å"experiments† on young Indian prisoners (Smith, 2010, p. 35). Schools were widely used as a way of â€Å"civilizing† Indians mainly by the church (Monaghan, 2005, p. 56). The rationalizations of the â€Å"manifest destiny† and the doctrine of â€Å"discovery† were widely used as an excuse by the European settlers to commit atrocities on the Native Americans (Pease, 1986). The Christian belief of manifest destiny wa s used as a prelude in the expansion and colonization of the Americas (Harley, 1994). Basing on this belief, the missionaries felt obliged to spread the gospel to the natives, who, after being softened through Christian ideals, would be colonized by the European settlers. Seemingly, the initial boarding schools established by missionaries were not only meant to impart civilization but also serve as means of achieving the divine mission of spreading the gospel.Advertising Looking for critical writing on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The doctrine of â€Å"discovery† was a major source of friction and some of its aspects are still present in the current United States property rights (Smith, 2010, p. 45). This doctrine was used to validate the claim that Europeans discovered empty land in the America’s.The Native Americans had a communal land ownership system. The Europeans had embraced individua l land ownership practices. Boarding schools were therefore used to change the Native American’s cultureand the communal land practices by extension. The boarding school experience Life in the Indian boarding schools was tough, several victims told about the horrifying experience they went through at the boarding schools. Bill, who belongs to the Pattwin Indian group, remembers that he was sent to the boarding school while aged only six years (Harley, 1994). He remembers a sad experience which filled an everyday life of the boarding school. He remembers being bathed in Kerosene by matrons and having his head shaved against the Indian culture. In what can be regarded as transforming Indians inside and out, it’s seen that all aspects of the Indian culture were forbidden. Different accounts provided by individuals who went through the schools show that the Native Americans denied everything that pertained to their culture, from wearing long hair to speaking their language . The Indian children’s names were changed and they were not allowed to go home to their parents to ensure a cultural disconnection. The aim of the government was to replace the Indian culture, indeed as stated by Pratt â€Å"the only good Indian is a dead one† (Monaghan, 2005, p. 23). This implied that the Indian culture had to be killed. The methods advanced by Pratt and fellow minded Americans were geared towards ensuring that assimilation was gained through total immersion (Pease, 1986).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Indian Boarding Schools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The aim was to â€Å"kill the Indian culture in the Indians and save them† (Smith, 2010, p. 67). History says that Pratt organized the education of some young Native Americans after he had encountered them at a prison in Florida (Smith, 2010). It’s said that Pratt saw positive changes in the Indians aft er teaching them English, some basic economic skills and ways to govern themselves. It was the main reason to establish several boarding schools and kill the Indian culture, as well as ensure that Indians are assimilated into the popular American culture. Therefore students were to be transformed in regard to â€Å"language, religion, family structure, economics, and emotional expression among others† (Smith, 2010, p. 13). However, things did not always go according to the plan as the children were later subjected to untold abuses. This can be compared to genocide in the sense that it purported to kill the Indian culture and ensure their forceful adoption of an alien culture. Several historical accounts indicate that students were abused in the boarding schools. The US government ran as many as 100 schools both on and of reservations (Harley, 1994). Young children were sometimes forcibly snatched from their parents. Many of them did not understand what was going on. The late Indian Activist Floyd Red Crow shared on how it felt to be taken away from his mother (Harley, 1994). He was taken as a young child from a reservation in South Dakota for the Wahpeton Indian Boarding School in North Dakota (Monaghan, 2005). He remembers seeing his mother cry as the bus took him away. It’s hard to imagine how hurting that was for him and his mother. Annual reports on Indian affairs seemed to suggest that Indians were savages who needed to be compelled by whatever means possible, to send their children to school (Smith, 2010).Advertising Looking for critical writing on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some parents just took their children to these boarding schools simply because there were no other schools for them. It’s important to note that most other public schools were closed for the Indian child. The federal schools were the only ones available to them and curriculum at these boarding schools was different. The curriculum in the public schools was focused on trades, for example boys studied carpentry, while girls curriculum included house keeping (Smith, 2010). There were no concepts in math or other science subjects. Thus, it can be said that, as much as the boarding schools were used to assimilate the Indians, the curriculum was not complete and was not meant to achieve total good for the Indian children. Punishment in the boarding schools was severe. There were accounts of abuses taking place in the boarding schools in form of beatings, food rationing and heavy labor. The federal government commissioned an investigation on the progress and policies towards the Ind ian boarding schools (Pease, 1986). The report provided in 1928 revealed the â€Å"problem of the Indian Administration† (Smith, 2010, p. 70). It showed that many of the children in the boarding schools were â€Å"overworked, harshly punished and poorly educated† (Smith, 2010, p. 71).This finding makes it hard to believe that the government was indeed committed to ensuring the assimilation of Indians. The care provided to the Indian children was inadequate in all aspects. In spite of the fact that the food provided was insufficient in both quantity and quality, young children aged between 10 and 12 were being subjected to heavy industrial work for up to four hours a day. A survey conducted in the 1960s shows that many teacher’s felt that their primary role was to civilize the Native Americans rather than to teach them. This indicates how the schools were institutionalized. The Kennedy administration declared the Indian education to be a national tragedy (Monagha n, 2005). The emotional impact caused on the Indian children who attended the boarding schools can be seen in some written accounts. For instance, one former student says that he can never forget when he saw his mother cry when he was taken away forcibly. To this date, there are still several factors that have not been properly addressed regarding the plight of Indians. These problems are often summed up as the â€Å"Indian Problem† and most of them pertain to their cultural practices and the land factor. As stated earlier, the doctrine of discovery is still very much in the US constitution (Pease, 1986). Conclusion This paper sought to reflect on the events that led to the establishment of the schools, how life was at the schools and their effects on Indian populations, this is in regard to the larger context of the Native American Experience and propose mechanisms on how to deal with the effects. It’s imperative that the government identifies new workable ways of dea ling with the issues affecting the Indians.The government should ensure that measures are undertaken to preserve the Indian culture. By extension, the Dakota and Ojibwe languages should be preserved through measures such as provision of support, promotion and encouragement by the federal government. References Harley, B. (1994). Readings in Diocesan Heritage Volume VIII St. Boniface Indian School. San Bernardino: Diocese of San Bernardino. Monaghan, E. (2005). Learning to Read and Write in Colonial America. Boston: University of Massachusetts. Pease, M. (1986). A Worthy Work in a Needy Time: The Montana Industrial School for Indians. Montana: M. Pease. Smith, A. (2010). Soul Wound: The legacy of Native American Schools. New york: Amnesty International.

What You Need to Know About Returning To Work After Having a Baby

What You Need to Know About Returning To Work After Having a Baby It’s awfully hard taking a leave from work to go and have a baby. It’s even harder leaving that baby behind to go back to work- even if you love your job! So whether you’re going back for monetary necessity, or because you have to keep your place in your career, or because you love what you do, here are a few tips to help ease your transition. 1. Start childcare plans early.If you want in on a specific day care center, get on their waiting list ASAP- sometimes even before the baby is born. Either way, set up who will be caring for your child in advance of needing it. Visit the facility or meet the person in advance. Maybe even do a dry run to make sure things don’t all crash and burn the minute Mommy/Daddy leaves. Having a good, safe option that you and your family feel good about will help ease your jitters.2. Stock up on supplies.You’re going to need a bunch of supplies for whomever is taking care of your kid. Buy things like breast milk bags and nursing pads and diapers in bulk. Make a checklist of all the things your baby needs when going out of the house and make sure to pass it along to your child minder.3. Start out slowly.Don’t go right back into full time. See if you can do part-time the first week or two, just until you iron out all the kinks and get your family settled in the new routine.4. Stay in touch.It’s okay to ask for regular updates throughout the day- a quick text or photo will often do to help you keep from worrying and focus on your work. If you are the type to call in every day, go for it!5. Talk to a lactation expert.If you’re a mom who’s going to keep nursing, talk to a lactation consultant and start figuring out your pumping schedule. Make sure you’re comfortable with your system before you dive into it. Get your baby used to drinking your milk from a bottle- to make sure she takes it- especially from someone else. And make sure to have the pumping conversation with your boss so she’s best prepared to support you. Your HR department should make it very easy on you and find you somewhere private and dedicated for when you need to pump.6. Plan everything the night before.After bedtime is your best friend. Pretend like you’re back in school again: lay out your clothes, pack your lunch, prep breakfast, pack the diaper bag, get organized, etc. This time will be less harried than the morning and will also mean you get more quality time before heading off to work each day when you aren’t running mad with stress.7. Don’t take work home.Your boss should understand that you have a brand new family at home. Leave your job when you come home and don’t pick it up again until you arrive the next morning. Life is too short to be missing your already limited family time being glued to projects or emails.8. Don’t feel guilty.Work is important to sustain your family. Even if you don’t have to work for the money- m aybe your partner makes more than enough to go around- if you’re going back to work because you love your job†¦ that’s important. Either way, you’re setting a wonderful example for your kids.

Healthy People 2010--Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Healthy People 2010--Obesity - Essay Example But it also is the cause of many other diseases like high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and some types of cancer. Because of its growing trend and dangers, it is extremely important to make it one of the most important health issues of the people of North Carolina. Obesity is the result of unhealthy food habits, lack of physical activity and lack of awareness of how it can be dangerous in the future. Out of the 27 nutrition objectives in the program Healthy People 2010, overweight and obesity are the two movements that are observed to be getting away from the targets. In particular, it has been noted that the proportion of adults and children who are obese has increased substantially, and this represents one of the biggest challenges for Healthy People 2010. This worrisome trend has led to set a goal to promote knowledge about healthy habits and reduce chronic disease associated with diet and weight. The study of the obesity issue from the past does not show a positive picture. It was noted that between 1976 and 1994, the number of cases of obesity alone have increased by more than 50 percent—from 14.5 percent of the adult population to 22.5 percent. Approximately 25 percent of U.S. adult females and 20 percent of U.S. adult males are obese ( Healthy People 2010). Overweight and obesity occurs when a person consumes more calories from food (energy) than he or she expends through physical activity. And looking at the fast paced mechanical life, where most of the work is done on computer and machines, there are no chances of people getting involved

Case IV, Black and Decker International Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IV, Black and Decker International - Case Study Example More importantly, it is realized that the organization has the ability to establish a strong base in the world in this particular industry. Black & Decker International Question 1 Indeed, Black & Decker has been much successful in its bid to expand its operations across the world. The acquisition of the Emhart Corporation created a wave of opportunities for the organization in terms of harnessing new markets and gaining from the increased pool of employees. In any case, Grunewald's plan of creating a global business venture from this acquisition can certainly become a reality in the context of the emerging situations. It should also be remembered that the plan to expand operations following the acquisition of the Emhart Corporation brought with it a new set of challenges which had to be addressed before any positive results could be deduced. Therefore, it is imperative to note that Grunewald's plan was a positive move, considering that all organizations should always aspire to expand beyond borders. It only calls for proper and effective strategies in place in order to steer operations and realize the ultimate goals of the organization. Considering the turbulent nature of the operations in the organization, any future plans intended for the success of the organization are certainly welcome. ... Several factors certainly favor Grunewald in his decision to expand operations and establish a global venture. The lock business will enable the organization to diversify its operations and realize a wide operational base. In the same way, the globalization momentum offers a good ground for the expansion process as it will provide the basic framework for the expansion of operations (Gale, 2009). Black & Decker has a solid international base which will greatly help in building a global ground. The acquisition of Emhart creates the need for a complete restructuring of all the operations in order to facilitate progress. The door hardware industry was hitherto dominated by firms which relied on old traditions that separately emphasized security, systems and technology. In this case, the entry of Black & Decker into the market with a new set of operations will effectively enable it to win much of the market with products that are focused on the entire market segments. In order to succeed in any market, it is important to have a thorough grasp of all the operations of the market and be well acquainted with all the dimensions of competitors, customers and product needs (Laszlo & Laugel, 2000). Considering these imperatives, Black & Decker has been at the forefront in acquiring such information and will therefore effectively benefit from the knowledge. The most important aspect in this expansion is the fact that the establishment of global operations will increase the revenue base and the profit for the organization which will ultimately provide the impetus for further growth and expansion (Connor & Lake, 2002). Like any major global expansions, the global lock business will face a number of challenges in the process.

The Market for Separately Ticketed Suits Essay Example for Free

The Market for Separately Ticketed Suits Essay 1Versatility refers to the ability to mix-and-match items after the purchase. 2Traditional suits have low versatility as they are expected to be worn as a ‘whole’ suit (or uniform). 2. The traditional suit (TS) customer is different than the target customer for high-quality separates (HQS), as they have distinct preferences and exhibit different behavior. Firstly, the TS customer will require sales assistance, while the target customer for HQS will prefer to shop by self-service. Secondly, the TS customer likes to plan his purchase, while the target customer for HQS will most likely make his purchase spontaneously. Thirdly, the target customer for HQS prefers versatility in the form of choosing and customizing his own suit, while the TS customer does not mind purchasing the prescribed design of a business suit. Finally, the TS customer puts higher emphasis on achieving the ‘executive look’ when they make a purchase, while the target customer for HQS focuses on comfort and ease of purchase. 3. With regards to merchandising and marketing techniques, high quality separates (HQS) will offer a good fit with Jaymar Ruby (JR). As the Jaymar customer is already a quality-slack (or separates) customer, encouraging him to purchase other quality separates would be considerably easier. Hence, selling HQS in JR will seemingly be an expansion of the product line since JR already has a head-start in selling ‘separates’. In addition, the aggressive marketing strategies of JR would be put into good use when introducing this new segment of products into the market. However, it is worth noting that the quality of garments in JR seems to be in conflict with HQS, as JR’s garments are classified as 1 make (Exhibit 4), which is in the lower end of the ‘quality spectrum’. In spite of this, HQS will offer a good fit with JR as the competitive advantage reaped in initiating the separates business via JR outweighs the conflict in quality of garments. A possible solution to this issue is to communicate clearly to the customer that HQS are of a superior quality. 4. This will depend on the position that HSM will take. The separates customer ignores quality in preference to the ability to purchase more garments, and might not perceive any difference b etween HQS and low-quality separates (LQS). Hence, if no action is taken by HSM, the separates customer might still prefer LQS (since it costs lesser than HQS, and enables them to purchase more garments), and HSM will still face significant competitive threat from LQS. Therefore, HSM must be able to differentiate HQS such that the separates customer perceives distinct benefits in HQS as compared to LQS, which also justifies the difference in price. One example would be to market HQS strategically so as to convince the separates customer that higher quality will equate to higher comfort (since separates customer places emphasis on comfort), which justifies the higher prices charged for HQS. Thus, LQS could cater to the separates customer who prefers having the ability to purchase more garments (and hence, sacrificing ‘comfort’), while HQS could cater to the separates customer who does not mind paying a higher price for more ‘comfort’. Hence, if HSM is able to create perceived value for its HQS and communicate this message effectively, it will be able to successfully thwart the competitive threat from LQS in the short run. However, it should be noted that if HSM experiences success in selling HQS, companies of LQS will then consider upgrading to HQS, or new competitors could be attracted to the market. Therefore, in the long run, it is a likelihood that the competitive threat faced by HSM might then intensify. 5. HSM should introduce a line of HQS. Firstly, from the perceptual map, we can see clearly that HQS, LQS and TS each represent a different benefit combination, and hence, could cater to different segments of customers. As seen from the second question, the traditional suit customer and the target customer for HQS have distinct preferences and behavior, and HSM could thus better target the separates customer by introducing a line of HQS. In addition, as seen from the 3rd question, HSM will have a competitive advantage in selling HQS as the avenue chosen for starting the separates business (JR) is already selling quality slacks, and introducing HQS in JR would only be an expansion of the product line. Also, as mentioned in question 4, introducing a line of HQS will be able to thwart the competitive threat from LQS for the time being. Therefore, based on the above points, and that the current level of competition in the market for HQS is nearly non-existent, it is strongly recommended for HSM to introduce a line of HQS.

2000 US Presidental Election :: essays research papers

The fourth principle of the rule of law state, "all persons must be given due process, that is, a fair chance to defend themselves against formal charges that they have violated the rules." The premise for this principle is the example that, the official body that hears and renders judgment on the charges may be biased against the defendant instead of impartial. The decision of the United States Supreme Court to discontinue the counting of "undervotes" in the state of Florida was not only a politically biased decision, it was also a decision that violated the rule of law. My argument is based on not so much the dissenting opinion of the minority, but of the concurring opinion of the majority of the Supreme Court. A political trial is one in which political considerations, not simply the law and the facts, affect the proceedings and verdict. Every human being has a certain set of morals and beliefs that they hold to be an important part of their character. This is no different for the judges of the Supreme Court. They too have a set of morals and beliefs that they live by. The difference is that their job description says that they have to make decisions not based on their morals and beliefs, but their decisions must be based on the rule of law. It is obvious to me that many of the judges on the Supreme Court, did not follow their job description and instead of basing their decision of Bush vs. Gore on the rule of law, they based it on who they voted for. Every conservative on that panel voted to stop the recount which in turn helped Bush win, and every liberal on the panel voted to continue the recount which would have given Gore a chance at winning. The concurring opinion of the majority seems to make it evident in some of the arguments they make that their opinion was based on politics and not on law. Much of the evidence they bring up only seems to contradict their decision more than support it. In Rehnquist's opinion, with whom Scalia and Thomas join, concurring, he brings up the case of Anderson v. Celebrezze, (1983), in which the court said ''In the context of a Presidential election, state-imposed restrictions implicate a uniquely important national interest. For the President and the Vice President of the United States are the only elected officials who represent all the voters in the Nation.

“That’s Not My Job” †Learning Delegation at Cin-Made

â€Å"THAT'S NOT MY JOB† – LEARNING DELEGATION AT CIN-MADE When Robert Frey purchased Cin – Made in 1984, the company was near ruin. The Cincinnati, Ohi-based manufacturer of paper packaging had not altered its product line in 20 years. Labor costs had hit the ceiling, while profits were falling through the floor. A solid quarter of the company's shipments were late and absenteeism was high. Management and workers were at each other's throats. Ten years later, Cin – Made is producing a new assortment of highly differentiated composite cans, and pre-tax profits have increased more than five times. The Cin – Made workforce is both flexible and deeply committed to the success of the company. On-time delivery of products has reached 98 percent, and absenteeism has virtually disappeared. There are even plans to form two spin – off companies to be owned and operated by Cin-Made employees. In fact, at the one day â€Å"Future of the American Workforce† conference held in July 1993, Cin-Made was recognized by President Clinton as one of the best – run companies in the United States. â€Å"How did we achieve this startling turnaround? †    Mused Frey. â€Å"Employee empowerment is one part of the answer. Profit sharing is another. †   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the late spring of 1986, relations between management and labor had reached rock bottom. Having recently suffered a pay cut, employees at Cin- Made came to work each day, performed the duties required of their particular positions, and returned home-nothing more. Frey could see that his company was suffering. â€Å"To survive we needed to stop being worthy adversaries and start being worthy partners,† he realized. Toward this end, Frey decided to call a meeting with the union. He offered to restore worker pay to its previous level by the end of the year. On top of that, he offered  something no one expected: a 15 percent share of Cin-Made's pre-tax profits. † I do not choose to own a company that has an adversarial relationship with its employees. † Frey proclaimed at the meeting. He therefore proposed a new arrangement that would encourage a collaborative employee-management relationship â€Å"Employee participation will play an essential role in management. †   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Managers within the company were among the first people to oppose Frey's new idea of employee involvement. â€Å"My three managers felt they were paid to be worthy adversaries of the unions.    Frey recalled. It's what they'd been trained for. It's what made them good managers. Moreover, they were not used to participation in any form, certainly not in decision making. †    The workers also resisted the idea of extending themselves beyond the written requirements of their jobs. † (Employees) wan ted generous wages and benefits, of course, but they did not want to take responsibility for anything more than doing their own jobs the way they had always done them,† Frey noted. Employees were therefore skeptical of Frey's overtures toward â€Å"employee participation.   Ã‚   â€Å"We thought he was trying to rip us off and shaft us,† explained Ocelia Williams, one of many Cin-Made employees who distrusted Frey's plans. Frey, however, did not give up, and he eventually convinced the union to agree to his terms. † I wouldn't take no for an answer,† he asserted. â€Å"Once I had made my two grand pronouncements, I was determined to press ahead and make them come true. †    But still ahead lay the considerable challenge of convincing employees to take charge   :   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I made people meet with me, then instead   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of telling them what to do, I asked them. They resisted. † How can we cut the waste on his run ? † I'd   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   say, or â€Å"How are we going to allocate the overtime on this order ? † â€Å"That's not my job,† they'd say. â€Å"But I need your input,† I'd say. â€Å"How in the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   World can we have participative management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If you won't participate? â€Å"I don't know,† they'd say. â€Å"Because that's   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   not my job either. That's your job. ?† Gradually, Frey made progress. Managers began sharing more information with employees. Frey was able slowly to expand the responsibilities workers would carry. Managers who were unable to work with employees left, and union relations began to improve. Empowerment began to happen. By 1993, Cin Made employees were taking responsibility for numerous tasks. Williams, for example, used to operate a tin-slitting machine on the company's factory floor. She still runs that same machine, but now is also responsible for ordering almost $ 100,000 in supplies. Williams is just one example of how job roles and duties have been redefined throughout Cin-Made. Joyce Bell, president of the local union, still runs the punch press she always has, but now also serves as Cin- Made's corporate safety director. The company's scheduling team, composed of one manager and five lead workers from various plant areas, is charged with setting hours, designating layoffs, and deciding when temporary help is needed. The hiring review team, staffed by three hourly employees and two managers, is responsible for interviewing applicants and deciding whom to hire. An employee committee performs both short – and long – term planning of labor, materials, equipment, production runs, packing, and delivery. Employees even meet daily in order to set their own production schedules. â€Å"We empower employees to make decisions, not just have input,† Frey remarked. â€Å"I just coach. †   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Under Frey's new management regime, company secrets have virtually disappeared. All Cin-Made employees, from entry-level employees all the way to the top, take part in running the company. In fact, Frey has delegated so much of the company's operations to its workers that he now feels little in the dark. â€Å"I now know very little about what's going on, on a day-to-day basis,† he confessed. At Cin-Made, empowerment and delegation are more than mere buzzwords; they are the way of doing business – good business. â€Å"We, as workers, have a lot of opportunities,† said Williams. â€Å"If we want to take leadership, it's offered to us. † Questions and answers: Q. 1   How were principles of delegation and decentralization incorporated into Cine – Made operations? Answer :- a. The employee participation was made an integral part of the company's management practices. b. Establishing Participative Management c. Centralized hiring process which was independent in itself and managed by esignated managers. Q. 2  Ã‚   What are the sources and uses of power at Cin – Made? Answer : Collaboration, Innovation, Participative management Empowerment through delegation and decentralization Deriving more output through employees' sense of ownership for their actions Improving flexibility of the companies' employees. Giving a free hand to their imagina tion rather than reining it in. Q. 3. What were some of the barriers to delegation and empowerment at Cin –Made? Answer : Our perceptions about work and the way we are part of it need to change. These are the lessons in management that can be learnt from the Cin-Made experience. a. Transparent management policies are the call of the day b. Managers must lead by example rather than simply lecturing and ordering the employees. c. Any status quo achieved or stagnation point reached by way of policies being in place for long term must be challenged and remedied with cautious efforts; that to while taking care of sentimentalities and emotional attachments of old employees of company – all leading to change for the better.

ABC Co. Marketing Strategy Case Essay

ABC Manufacturing Company is a manufacturer of fine furniture designed to resemble the furniture used in various historical periods. The company’s furniture is sold by approximately fifty dealers throughout the United States and in several foreign countries. Dealers are carefully selected by ABC to be sure they maintain the high quality imagine that ABC has established in its 100-year history of making fine furniture. Most dealers sell only ABC’s furniture, but a few also sell noncompeting lines of similar quality. Dealers who sell only ABC’s furniture are franchised to do business under ABC’s trade name and would appear to the public to be branch stores rather than independent business. ABC’s factory is a three-story building of heavy timber (mill) construction located in a New England town of 2,500 population. The first floor is used for warehousing and office space, and the two upper floors house the production facilities. The building is 75 years old and has been occupied by ABC since its construction. The local fire department is above average for towns of this size, but its water supply system does not have adequate reserve capacity to maintain pressure for fighting a major fire over a period of several hours. See more:Â  First Poem for You Essay Adjacent to the factory building is a large frame structure used by ABC to store seasoned lumber for its furniture. Lumber is first air dried in the yard adjoining the shed, with the exact drying period depending on the kind of wood involved. The air-dried wood is then kiln dried in ABC’s own kiln, after which it is stored in the frame storage building until needed. ABC’s power plant is located in a brick building about 50 feet from the main plant. It furnishes heat and steam for all operations. Water for the stream boilers is drawn from a large river adjacent to the power plant. Electricity is purchased from a public utility. Due to the length of the seasoning period, ABC usually has on the premises a supply of lumber adequate for four months of operations. Much of the lumber is purchased within a 200-mile radius of the factory, but substantial amounts are purchased from more distant sections of the United States or from foreign countries. For example, mahogany lumber, which is used in almost half of ABC’s products, is imported by ABC from Latin American and Africa. Most of the lumber arrives at ABC’s yard by railroad and is shipped FOB point of origin. The imported lumber is shipped by water to the nearest port, approximately 100 miles from ABC’s factory, and then by train to the factory. Some locally produced lumber is delivered to ABC by truck, FOB ABC’s yard. Workers in ABC’s factory use some small power tools, such as saws, planers, lathes, and similar equipment. However, the production process is primarily manual. Highly skilled craftsmen build the company’s products, using many of the same techniques that were used two centuries ago. Furniture finishing is done by hand, and most of the stains, varnishes and other finishing materials are compounded by ABC’s employees according to the company’s proprietary formulas. ABC’s labour force is very stable because each craftsman undergoes a lengthy apprenticeship in the plant and because ABC pays wages that are relatively high by the standards of the community. Management considers the high wages to be necessary because of the time and expense required to hire and train a replacement for a craftsman who leaves the firm. Some finished furniture is shipped by railroad, but most of it is shipped by contract carrier trucks. The contract with the trucker does not include any provision relative to liability for damage to goods in transit. Export shipments are transported by truck to the nearest port and by water to the country of destination. All shipments are made FOB purchaser’s warehouse. All sales, including export sales, are made on open account and only to ABC’s established dealers. Export accounts usually are denominated in and payable in the currency of the importer’s country. Accounts receivable, on the average, are equal to about one-eighth of annual sales. Accounts receivable records are kept on ABC’s computer in the office section of the first floor of the factory building. The computer is also used for inventory and production control, payroll management, and other accounting functions. The computer equipment is owned by ABC. The office is cut off from the warehouse section of the first floor by a wood partition. The office and computer room are air conditioned, but the remainder of the building is not. Duplicate computer tapes, updated weekly, are stored in a well-protected vault in another part of the city. A monthly fee is paid for the tape storage. ABC owns several small trucks that are used to move lumber about its own premises and for local pickup and delivery. The trucks are kept in the lumber storage shed when they are not in use. Several lift trucks are used for moving lumber and other heavy items in and around the factory and lumber storage area. A freight elevator moves materials, finished furniture, lift trucks, and other equipment between floors in the factory. Automatic grillwork gates have been installed to prevent workers from falling into the elevator shaft. There is no passenger elevator. Workers use either the freight elevator or the open stairwells when moving between floors. Steel fire escapes have been installed on the exterior of the building to facilitate evacuation of the upper floors in case of fire or other catastrophe. ABC Manufacturing Company is wholly owned by its president, Mr. Carpenter, who is the grandson of the company’s founder. Mr. Carpenter is considered wealthy by local standards. However, his fortune consists almost entirely of the stock of ABC Manufacturing Company, and he is dependent on his salary and company dividends for his livelihood. Nearly all of ABC’s operating profit has been paid in dividends in recent years. Consequently, the company has only a modest cushion of liquid assets in excess of its operating needs. Profits have been consistent, but they have been relatively low because of the inefficiency of the present factory facilities. Although the dollar amount of ABC’s sales has increased steadily because of price increases, the physical volume of sales has remained almost constant over the past several years. The lack of growth has resulted primarily from two factors. First, the present plant cannot accommodate greater production because of space limitations, and there is no available land adjacent to the plant to permit expansion. Second, the long training period required for new employees prevents rapid expansion of production. Mr. Carpenter has considered building a new factory at another location in the same town. However, such a move is not financially feasible unless the present plant can be sold, and no prospective purchasers have been found. A move to any location outside its present hometown would not be practical because of the company’s dependence on its well-trained craftsman. The sales manager estimates that both the dealer network and sales could be increased by 30% over the next 5 years if production facilities could be provided. The cost to rebuild the present factory building in its present form would be $2.5 million. However, Mr. Carpenter has indicated that he would not build a new mill-type building to replace the current structure because of the high cost of the thick brick walls and heavy timber interior construction. A new, one-story, noncombustible masonry and steel building of comparable floor area would cost approximately $2 million to build and would be more efficient for ABC’s purpose. The actual cash value of the present factory building is estimated to be $1.5 million, and ABC has insured it for that amount against fire and the extended coverage perils. The lumber storage shed, power plant, table and lumber kiln are also insured for their actual cash values. The following table shows the actual cash value and replacement cost for each of the structures. Table 1: ABC Company Building Values ___________________________________________________________________________________ BuildingActual Cash ValueReplacement Cost Factory$1,500,000$2,500,000 Lumber shed 150,000 200,000 Power plant 230,000 300,000 Kiln 270,000 320,000 ___________________________________________________________________________________ ABC’s annual premium for fire and extended coverage insurance is $136,000, including the coverage for contends of the buildings and for lumber stored in the yard. There have been no fire or extended coverage losses during the past five years and only minor losses prior to that time. The company’s estimated annual workers’ compensation premium is $165,000. Loss experience has been fairly consistent from year to year. Based on past experience, with adjustments for inflation and current benefit levels, normal losses of $104,000 can be expected. The most frequent claims have been small and have resulted from such minor injuries as splinters in hands, several minor dermatitis cases, and sawdust or metal particles in eyes. The more serious injuries have included back strains and loss of fingers in power saws and other power tools. ABC now has 15 percent debit under workers’ compensation experience rating plan. (That is, they are paying a rate 15% greater than manual rates). Questions 1. Identify the following loss exposures faced by ABC Manufacturing Company: 1) Direct property loss exposures 2) Indirect property loss exposures 3) Liability exposures 2. Your suggestions in risk management for ABC Company Case 2: Bite-O-Burger Company (Risk Management and Insurance) Description of Operations The Bite-O-Burger Company is a publicly held corporation. It owns and operates 843 fast-food restaurants located in eleven states in the United States. The restaurants feature a limited menu consisting of hamburgers, French fried potatoes, fried chicken, chili, related food items, and nonalcoholic beverages. The restaurants vary in size, but each is located in a free-standing building and surrounded by customer parking areas. All of the buildings were built to Bite-O-Burger’s plans and specifications and share enough architectural characteristics to make them easily recognized as units of the chain. All have forced air heat and are air conditioned. At current prices, the average replacement cost of the restaurants is estimated at $125,000 per unit for the building and $100,000 for the equipment. Because of differences in size, the replacement cost, including building and equipment, ranges from $175,000 for the smallest restaurants to $300,000 for the largest. The average actual cash value is $205,000 for building and equipment combined. The restaurants vary in age from a few days to approximately 20 years. All of them are owned by Bite-O-Burger, but the newer ones are subject to substantial mortgages. The home office of the company is located in leased space in a building in the business district of a midwestern city. Bite-O-Burger occupies the upper three floors of the thirty-story building. The company’s data processing centre is located on the top floor. All of the computer equipment is leased from the manufacturer. Bite-O-Burger also occupies a leased warehouse near the home office. It is used for storage and distribution of supplies (paper cups, wrapping materials, etc.) and nonperishable food items. Perishable food items are purchased from local suppliers near the restaurants in which they will be used, and they are delivered directly to the restaurants by the suppliers. There is no refrigeration equipment at the warehouse, but each restaurant has a large, walk-in refrigerator. Items from the company warehouse are distributed to the individual restaurants by a fleet of 30 owned tractor-trailer units. The same units also transport goods from the suppliers to the central warehouse when truck-load quantities are purchased. Smaller lots are shipped by common carrier FOB point of shipment. The values of the contents at the warehouse and home office are $15,750,000 and $3,200,000, respectively. Values at both locations are relatively constant throughout the year. Bite-O-Burger advertises extensively in newspapers in the cities in which it has several restaurants. Many of its advertisements feature endorsements of its products by prominent athletes and theatre personalities. Some advertisements feature pictures of local people and their favourable comments on the company’s food and service. The company also sponsors softball and bowling teams in some cities as a part of its public relations program. Bite-O-Burger’s profit and loss statement and an abbreviated balance sheet for last year are shown in Tables 2-1 and 2-2. The company’s operating results for last year were typical of past years, but sales and assets have been growing at a rate of approximately 20% per year. Bite-O-Burger’s fire and extended coverage losses for the five years are shown in Table 2-3. The quotations shown in Table 2-4 have been obtained for fire and extended coverage protection–blanket on buildings and contents on an actual cash value basis. Bite-O-Burger is well aware of the fire exposures associated with restaurants. Extensive fire control equipment has been installed in the kitchens of all units, and especially in the range hoods and in the cooking areas.

Teacher Responsibilities Make It a Weighty Job

Teacher Responsibilities Make It a Weighty Job What do students, parents, administrators and the community really expect of teachers? Obviously, teachers must educate students in certain academic subjects, but society also wants teachers to encourage adherence to a generally accepted code of conduct. The measurable responsibilities speak to the significance of the job, but certain personal qualities might better indicate a teachers potential for long-term success. Teachers Need an Aptitude for Teaching Teachers must be able to explain their subject matter to students, but this goes beyond simply reciting the knowledge they gained through their own education. Teachers must possess an aptitude to teach the material through different methods based on the needs of the students. Teachers must also meet the needs of students of varying abilities within the same classroom, provide all students with an equal opportunity to learn. Teachers must be able to inspire students from diverse backgrounds and experiences to achieve. Teachers Need Strong Organizational Skills Teachers must be organized. Without a good system of organization and daily procedures in place, the job of teaching becomes more difficult. A disorganized teacher could find him or herself in professional jeopardy. If a teacher does not keep accurate attendance, grade and behavioral records, it could result in administrative and legal problems. Teachers Need Common Sense and Discretion Teachers must possess common sense. The ability to make decisions grounded in common sense leads to a more successful teaching experience. Teachers who make judgment errors often create difficulties for themselves and sometimes even the profession. Teachers must maintain the confidentiality of student information, particularly for students with learning disabilities. Teachers can create professional problems for themselves by being indiscreet, but they can also lose the respect of their students, affecting their potential for learning. Teachers Need To Be Good Role Models Teachers must present themselves as a  good role model  both in and out of the classroom. A teachers private life can impact his or her professional success. A teacher who participates in questionable activities  during personal time can experience a loss of moral authority in the classroom. While its true that varying sets of personal morals exist among segments of society, a generally accepted standard for basic rights and wrongs dictates acceptable personal behavior for teachers. Every career has its own level of responsibility, and its perfectly reasonable to expect teachers to meet their professional obligations and responsibilities. Doctors, lawyers and other professionals operate with similar responsibilities and expectations for patient and client privacy. But society often holds teachers to an even higher standard because of their position of influence with children. Its clear that children  learn best with positive role models who demonstrate the types of behavior that lead to personal success. Though written in 1910, the words of Chauncey P. Colegrove in his book The Teacher and the School still ring true today: No one can justly expect that all teachers, or any teacher, shall be endlessly patient, free from mistakes, always perfectly just, a miracle of good temper, unfailingly tactful, and unerring in knowledge. But people have a right to expect that all teachers shall have fairly accurate scholarship, some professional training, average mental ability, moral character, some aptness to teach, and that they shall covet earnestly the best gifts.

Basic Info and Attributes of Hermes Greek God

Basic Info and Attributes of Hermes Greek God Hermes is familiar as the messenger god in Greek mythology. In a related capacity, he brought the dead to the Underworld in his role of Psychopompos. Zeus made his thieving son Hermes god of commerce. Hermes invented various devices, especially musical ones, and possibly fire. He is known as a helpful god. Another aspect of Hermes is fertility god. It may be in connection with this role that the Greeks sculpted phallic stone markers or herms for Hermes. Hermes is the son of Zeus and Maia (one of the Pleiades). Offspring of Hermes Hermes union with Aphrodite produced Hermaphroditus. It may have yielded Eros, Tyche, and perhaps Priapus. His union with a nymph, perhaps Callisto, produced Pan. He also sired Autolycus and Myrtilus. There are other possible children. Roman Equivalent Romans called Hermes Mercury. Attributes Hermes is sometimes shown as young and sometimes bearded. He wears a hat, winged sandals, and short cloak. Hermes has a tortoise-shell lyre and the staff of a shepherd. In his role as psychopomps, Hermes is the herdsman of the dead. Hermes is referred to as luck-bringing (messenger), giver of grace, and the Slayer of Argus. Powers Hermes is called Psychopompos (Herdsman of the dead or guider of souls), messenger, patron of travelers and athletics, bringer of sleep and dreams, thief, trickster. Hermes is a god of commerce and music. Hermes is the messenger or Herald of the gods and was known for his cunning and as a thief from the day of his birth. Hermes is the father of Pan and Autolycus. Sources Ancient sources for Hades include Aeschylus, Apollodorus, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Diodorus Siculus, Euripides, Hesiod, Homer, Hyginus, Ovid, Parthenius of Nicaea, Pausanias, Pindar, Plato, Plutarch, Statius, Strabo, and Vergil. Hermes Myths Myths about Hermes (Mercury) re-told by Thomas Bulfinch include: ProserpineGolden Fleece - MedeaJuno and Her Rivals, Io and Callisto - Diana and Actaeon - Latona and the RusticsMonstersPerseusPrometheus and PandoraCupid and PsycheHercules Hebe and GanymedeMidas - Baucis and Philemon

Do 'Nice Guys Finish Last' (Dore, 2006) Will the Anglo-Saxon model Essay

Do 'Nice Guys Finish Last' (Dore, 2006) Will the Anglo-Saxon model ultimately outperform the superior Rhine model - Essay Example Reforms in Japan and Germany The chapter ‘Nice Guys Finish Last’ tends to demonstrate the transformation that is needed for the reformers in Japan as well as Germany who tends to pay utmost attention towards escalating inequality as well as unfair competition. These reformers are further observed to impede the process of cooperation upon which the social cohesion has been grounded. They also promise to humiliate the quality of the lives of the people by a considerable level (Dore, 2006). In comparison to other capitalist economies, it has been noted that the institutional framework belonging to the Germany framework has been quite different. Markets of Germany are found to be instituted politically and socially monitored. The managers belonging to big German firms tend to come across capital as well as labour markets that are further found to be greatly controlled or arranged. This particular facet eventually facilitates capital as well as labour to play an imperative pa rt directly into the day to day business operation. In other words, the German model related to advanced capitalism can be described as an economy possessing high wage along with high competitiveness in the world. It has also been apparent that the country practices strong social cohesion along with low degree of inequality in different dimensions (Streeck, 1996). The various institutions of numerous nations have been found to make proper use of the unique set of socio-economic institutions that generally resides in both social as well as financial markets. Furthermore, these institutions endorses specific framework of production that is also connoted as diversified quality production. The institutions during the 1970s as well as 1980s have made high wages along with their low distribution of the wages and income more effective. It can be stated that the institutionalised high-wage sort of economy such as Germany tends to face greater problems related to financial performances. It i s quite significant for such an economy to meet a set of rules and policies in order to remain competitive and maintain cohesiveness in the society. The crisis prevailing in the German social market economy can be demonstrated in case of concurrence of three factors such as secular collapse of the model, the anxieties related to unification among the people of the society as well as the limitations that has been inflicted by the globalisation of the capitalist economy (Streeck, 1996). It can be revealed that the British as well as the Americans are considered to be the pioneers whose institutions along with the economic behaviour tends to confirm the principles of the neoclassical textbooks. On the other hand, Germany's as well as Japan’s institutions diverge from the principles that have been made in the neoclassical books. It has been apparent that the finance along with the corporate control structures had been quite alike in the 1920s in comparison to the later years. It was by the end of the post-war golden age that demonstrated the signals of convergence related to similar types of managerial capitalism (Dore & et. al., 1999). Approaches to Comparative

DARE Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DARE Program - Essay Example It has become an immediate hit with kids, schools, parents and the police. In the 1986 study of the National Institute of Justice, researcher William DeJong found positive results on the DARE program. Soon thereafter, the Bureau of Justice Assistance of the Justice Department gave the program $140,000 to make it into a nationwide program and started training officers over the country to introduce the program in schools and deliver the curriculum. (Aue, p 25) The police officers received training for the facilitation of the program in schools. This benchmark has been carried out throughout the country and excellent reviews have been received by DARE officials. Support filtered up to Congress and politicians who stand against drugs and crime showed support to the program. Due to the huge amount of support DARE received, the National DARE Day was celebrated in 1989. In 1992, the funds increased to $10 million and the National DARE Day came thereafter. (Roleff, 2005) Name 3 The idea of h aving police officers to facilitate the program is a brilliant idea since students look of to authorities. The credibility of the program is instilled in the minds of the young kids that have been carried out for years. Although good reviews have been received by the program, there were a number of criticisms that were against the program.

Policing Policies Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Policing Policies - Research Paper Example One of the more popular areas where policies have been implemented has been in the issue of policing and the creation of rules that govern law and order (Ratcliffe, 2008). This sector can be said to be one of the most significant areas in which policies have been utilized, and they are the reason behind the ability of law enforcement to maintain order within a society as well as determine the appropriate methods through which those that breach the laws that have been set out should be treated (Stone, 2008). The perspective used to create these policies will determine the methods in which the community will deal with the rules and regulations and those who break them (Peterson, 2005). There are two major policy perspectives that can be studying when broaching this subject; they include problem oriented policing and zero-tolerance policing. Problem Oriented Policing This policy perspective refers to a strategy that focuses on the problem that is being faced in a bid to come up with eff ective ways with which to deal with that specific problem (Taylor, 2007). The strategy involves the analysis of the various crimes that rock the society and then focus on developing solutions that will adequately solve the problem and is based upon ongoing studies to evaluate the progress made, and if the original solution needs to be modified or changed in any manner in order to make sure that the policies developed are successful in their endeavor (Stone, 2008). This strategy believes that by closely studying the problem, one is able to come up with more effective answers and solutions as they are given the chance to gauge not only the problem itself, but its underlying cause as well (Ratcliffe, 2008). By doing this, one is not only able to deal with the problem once it occurs, but determine ways in which the source can be dealt with in a way that will stop the problem from popping up in the first place(Peterson, 2005). The policy can be said to focus more on the effort of crime p revention rather than dealing with the crime itself and aims at working together with the community in a bid to decrease the level of crime rates in the society (Althaus, Bridgman & Davis, 2007). This perspective focuses on research and analysis and strives to prove that the best way of dealing with a problem is determining its cause so as to strike at it from its foundation (Fischer, Miller & Sidney, 2006). Problem oriented policing can be said to function on the basis of â€Å"prevention is better than cure† motto. There are various steps that can be taken when approaching the making of policies from this particular perspective (Ratcliffe, 2008). The process can be presented in over teen steps but can be summarized in just three steps that are taken by those who take part in this particular policy perspective. They include: Identification and Analysis of the Problem The initial step is analysis of the problem before any steps could be taken. The particular problem will need to be closely scrutinized in a bid to sufficiently understand the problem so as to determine the best way to solve it. This can be acheived by going through the various police records as well as interviewing members of the